Abstract: Business and human rights is an important topic in modern human rights civilization. In recent years, with some Western countries and regions vigorously promoting mandatory supply chain human rights due diligence legislation, the governance path in the field of business and human rights has shown a trend of transformation from international soft law to mandatory domestic law. However, the practical positions of various countries vary regarding the mode in which human rights due diligence should be incorporated into domestic laws and policies. In this context, exploring the diversity of governance paths in business and human rights is of great significance. The mandatory supply chain human rights due diligence legislation breaks through the voluntary due diligence framework under international soft law. By exerting extraterritorial influence on domestic enterprises’ control over the supply chain, it may interfere with the judicial sovereignty of other countries, strengthen the human rights sanctions mechanisms in Western countries, questioning its rationality and legitimacy. Against the backdrop of uneven levels of human rights development, mandatory human rights due diligence not only fails to address systemic human rights problems and achieve the goal of improving human rights protection from the root, but may also be accompanied by risks of human rights politicization, exacerbating the unequal power structure in the global supply chain, posing threats and challenges to the security of the global supply chain and the stability of the international economic and trade order.

Keywords: Business and Human Rights; Human Rights Due Diligence; Supply Chain; International Soft Law; Mandotary Human Rights Due Diligence