He Ying   Huo Jianguo
China

In the age of globalization, human rights have gradually become a global issue. Especially in the process of global governance, full implementation and protection of human rights are important components. However, global governance exerts double effects on the protection and development of human rights. On one hand, global governance shares many common focuses with human rights as both are involved in democracy and the rule of law as well as the protection of civil rights. It can be said that global governance facilitates the implementation of human rights. On the other hand, global governance has weakened the authority of sovereignty to some extent. Some developed countries or international organizations interfere with the internal affairs of some nation states and impact on the protection and development of human rights of these nation states in the name of global governance. Therefore, to conduct a systematic study in the relationship between global governance and human rights and to view the actual situation of human rights from the perspective of global governance have great theoretical and practical significance in the theory construction, protection and development as well as internationalization of human rights.

I

Since the 21st century, global governance has become an international hot issue and drawn comprehensive attention from many countries. In J.N.Rosenau's famous publications Governance without Government and Governance in the Twenty-first Century, he proposed the proposition of global governance. He pointed out that global politics, economy and even culture are undergoing an integration and fragmentation never seen before; under such an international political, economic and cultural background, the focus of politic authority is shifted; thus, governance of human society is shifted towards multi-level governance from the government governance in which countries are the subjects; and global governance is the most important. Global governance is the extension and application of governance in the globe. UN's "Commission on Global Governance" delivered in 1995 a report in which the concepts of governance and global governance are defined: "Governance is the sum of many ways individuals and institutions, public and private, manage their common affairs. It is a continuing process through which conflicting or diverse interests may be accommodated and co-operative action taken"; "At the global level, governance has been viewed primarily as intergovernmental relationships, but it must now be understood as also involving non-governmental organizations (NGOs), citizens' movements, multinational corporations, and the global capital market."  Just as Anthony McGrew, a famous scholar who studies global governance said: "by global governance is meant not only the formal institutions and organizations through which the rules and norms governing world order are (or are not) made and sustained--the institutions of state, intergovernmental cooperation and so on--but also those organizations and pressure groups--from MNCs, transnational social movements, to the plethora of non-governmental organizations--which pursue goals and objectives which have a bearing on transnational rule and authority systems. Clearly, the United Nations system, the World Trade Organization and the array of activities of national governments are among the central components of global governance, but they are by no means the only components. If social movements, non-governmental organizations, regional political associations and so on are excluded from the notion of global governance, its form and dynamics will not be properly understood. "